Appendix A
Results of the Coliform Analysis
Saturday, April 2, 2016
Refrences
References
Websites:
1http://www.healthvermont.gov/enviro/water/coliform.aspx
4www.fondriest.com/environmental.../parameters/water.../water-temperature/
5water.usgs.gov/edu/pH.html
6www.sarasota.wateratlas.usf.edu
7www.lenntech.com/applications/.../conductivity/water-conductivity.htm
8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity
Chapter 5 - Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 5
This chapter of the water
analysis contains the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations.
Summary
Water is used for many things
such as for drinking, bathing and cleaning. The present researchers came up
with the idea of knowing the safer type of water between salt water and fresh
water by knowing the differences in terms of some parameters. This water
analysis made use of parameters: coliform, turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen, conductivity and salinity, to know the significant differences between
salt water and fresh water. This water analysis is then called, “Identifying
the Differences between Salt Water and Fresh Water in terms of Coliform,
Turbidity, Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity and Salinity”.
Specifically, it attempted to answer the following problem: What are the
significant differences between salt water and fresh water in terms of: a.
coliform, b. turbidity, c. temperature, d. pH, e. dissolved oxygen, f.
conductivity, and e. salinity?
The single-group experimental
method was used in the study. The different parameters were measured through
their respective ways of measurement. The different results of the study were
recorded and were analyzed to show the findings.
Findings
This present water analysis came
up with the following findings
1.
Differences
in terms of COLIFORM. The findings of the coliform test revealed that there
was very little coliform in the first sample taken from the water under the
bridge. Also, the greatest coliform came from the estuary. This shows that
fresh water can have very little coliform. Also, salt water also had small
amount of coliform. This could mean that there is no significant difference
between salt water and fresh water in terms of coliform with the exception of
the estuary which has the extremely large value of 3.3 x 102
MPN/100mL of coliform. In general, there is no significant difference between
salt water and fresh water in terms of coliform.
2.
Differences
in terms of TURBIDITY. The findings of the turbidity test showed that the
salt water in the beach was very turbid compared to the estuary. The beach may
have had a very turbid water because of the different particles of sand in the
water. Also, its high turbidity could be caused by the different objects in the
water. The water in the estuary had low turbidity given that the water was
clear and the water was too low so the turbidity of the water should have been
less than the approximate length. Salt water is more turbid than fresh water.
In conclusion, there is a significant difference between salt water and fresh
water.
3.
Differences
in terms of TEMPERATURE. From the results of the temperature test, the
estuary had the highest surface temperature. The fresh water meanwhile had the
lowest temperature. The temperature of the three areas had no significant
difference.
4.
Differences
in terms of pH. The three samples had no significant differences in terms
of pH.
5.
Differences
in terms of DISSOLVED OXYGEN. The sample taken from the first place and the
second place had some differences in terms of dissolved oxygen. The beach,
however, had a significantly large amount of dissolved oxygen. Overall, salt
water has a significant difference with fresh water in terms of dissolved
oxygen.
6.
Differences
in terms of CONDUCTIVITY. The three samples had significant differences
with each other. The fresh water had very little conductivity while the estuary
had the greatest conductivity. The salt water had average amounts of
conductivity. In general, salt water and fresh water have significant
difference in terms of conductivity
7.
Differences
in terms of SALINITY. The first samples had very little salt content compared
to the estuary and the beach. The other two samples had very little differences
but have great differences with the fresh water. In conclusion, there is a
significant difference between salt water and fresh water.
Conclusions
With
the findings of the study, the researcher was able to deduce the following
conclusions:
1.
There is no significant difference between salt
water and fresh water in terms of coliform, therefore, the null hypothesis is
accepted.
2.
There is a significant difference between salt water
and fresh water in terms of turbidity, therefore, the null hypothesis is
rejected.
3.
There is no significant difference between salt
water and fresh water in terms of temperature, therefore, the null hypothesis
is accepted.
4.
There is no significant difference between salt
water and fresh water in terms of pH, therefore, the null hypothesis is
accepted.
5.
There is a significant difference between salt
water and fresh water in terms of dissolved oxygen, therefore, the null
hypothesis is rejected.
6.
There is a significant difference between salt
water and fresh water in terms of conductivity, therefore, the null hypothesis
is rejected.
7.
There is a significant difference between salt
water and fresh water in terms of salinity, therefore, the null hypothesis is
rejected.
Overall, there is a significant difference between
fresh water and salt water, therefore the null hypothesis is rejected.
Recommendations
With
the conclusions deduced by the researchers, the following recommendations are
offered:
1.
Similar investigatory project should be
conducted using different parameters;
2.
The same investigatory project can be conducted,
but this time, more replicates and trials will be conducted;
3.
Another investigatory project can be conducted
using other places where samples could be gotten.
Chapter 4 - Results and Discussion
Chapter 4
Results and
Discussion
Chapter
4 presents the collated data entered in matrices, the statistical analyses and
interpretation of findings and their implications.
Results of Coliform Test
This is a water analysis
conducted for the purpose of determining the differences between salt water and
fresh water in terms of some factors. Coliform is the waste bacteria content
from humans or other life forms present in water.
Table 1
Amount of
Coliform in Different Samples of Water
|
SAMPLE
|
Amount of COLIFORM
|
|
Sample 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
<18 MPN/100mL
|
|
Sample 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
3.3 x 102
MPN/100mL
|
|
Sample 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
20 MPN/100mL
|
Findings
of the coliform test at DOST in Legazpi City revealed that the first sample
which was taken from a fresh water area which was under a bridge had less than
18 MPN/100 mL of coliform, where MPN is the most probable number. This
indicates that there is very little human or animal waste in the given area.
The second sample which was from port which was an estuary which is a body of
water where fresh water and salt water meet. In the second sample, there was
330 MPN/100 mL of coliform which signifies a large amount of fecal waste. The
last sample was taken from a salt water beach. In the last sample, there was 20
MPN/100 ml of coliform which makes the amount of coliform in the area little.
Results of Turbidity Test
The second parameter that could
affect the differences between salt water and fresh water is turbidity.
Turbidity is the clarity of water. It could be affected by particles or other
materials in the water. High turbidity could signify that the water has other
liquids or particles in it.
Table 2
Measure of Turbidity
in Different Bodies of Water
|
Body of Water
|
Measure of TURBIDITY
|
|
Place 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
-
|
|
Place 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
>188.9 cm
|
|
Place 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
61.5 cm
|
From
the table above, it is shown that fresh water, the water from the port, is less
turbid than the salt water in the beach. The port had a turbidity measurement
of 188.9cm having a very large gap with the salt water with only a turbidity
measurement of 61.5cm. This could mean that there are more sediments or
particles in the salt water.
Results of Temperature Test
The third parameter that could
affect the differences between salt water and fresh water is Temperature.
Temperature is the measurement of the hotness or coolness of the water. Human activities
and other sources may affect the temperature of water in specified places.
Table 3
Measure of
Temperature in Different Surfaces of the Bodies of Water
|
Body of Water
|
Measure of surface TEMPERATURE
|
|
Place 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
29.1OC
|
|
Place 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
32OC
|
|
Place 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
31OC
|
The
different measures of temperature were measured by placing the thermometer on
the surface of the water for 3 minutes. The first place had a surface
temperature of 29.10C. The second place had a surface temperature of
320C. While the third place had a surface temperature of 310C.
This could show that it is coldest in fresh water and warmest in salt water,
but overall, there is no significant difference between the temperatures.
Results of pH Test
The fourth parameter that could
affect the differences between salt water and fresh water is pH. PH is the
acidity or alkalinity of water. PH is also defined as the power of hydrogen
where the greater the pH, the more basic the substance is.
Table 4
Measure of pH in Different Surfaces of the
Bodies of Water
|
SAMPLE
|
Measure of pH
|
|
Sample 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
9.5
|
|
Sample 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
9.25
|
|
Sample 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
9.48
|
From
the gathered data, water from the bridge, the fresh water, was the most acidic
water with pH of 9.5. The salt water from the beach had a very close acidity
level of 9.48. The estuary had the most alkalotic water with pH of 9.25.
Results of Dissolved Oxygen Test
The fifth parameter that could
affect the differences between salt water and fresh water is Dissolved Oxygen. Dissolved
oxygen is the amount of oxygen combined with the water for marine life to
breathe.
Table 5
Amount of Dissolved
Oxygen in Different Samples of Water
|
SAMPLE
|
Amount of Dissolved Oxygen
|
|
Sample 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
7.9mg/L
|
|
Sample 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
5.4mg/L
|
|
Sample 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
13.5mg/L
|
Based on the results from the
water analysis device, the water from the bridge had 7.9mg/L of dissolved
oxygen. The second sample had 5.4mg/L of dissolved oxygen. The third sample had
13.5mg/L of dissolved oxygen. The salt water had the greatest amount of dissolved
oxygen while the estuary had the least amount. It could mean more living
creatures are thriving in salt water.
Results of Conductivity Test
The sixth parameter that could
affect the differences between salt water and fresh water is Conductivity.
Conductivity is the ability of the water to allow electricity to pass through
it.
Table 6
Measure of
Conductivity in Different samples of Water
|
SAMPLE
|
Measure of Conductivity
|
|
Sample 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
12 μS/cm
|
|
Sample 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
3512 μS/cm
|
|
Sample 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
404 μS/cm
|
Based on the table above, the
water from the bridge had the least conductivity of 12 μS/cm. The water sample
taken from the port had conductivity measurements of 3512 μS/cm. The salt water
had conductivity of 404 μS/cm. This could signify that salinity does not affect
the conductivity of water.
Results of Salinity Test
The last parameter that could
affect the differences between salt water and fresh water is Salinity. Salinity
is the amount of salt in water.
Table 7
Amount of
Salinity in Different samples of Water
|
SAMPLE
|
Measure of Salinity
|
|
Sample 1: Fresh
Water (Bridge)
|
2.3ppt
|
|
Sample 2:
Estuary (Port)
|
35.6ppt
|
|
Sample 3: Salt
Water (Beach)
|
35.2ppt
|
The first sample had a salinity
of 2.3 ppt. The second sample had salinity of 35.6 ppt. The third sample had
salinity of 35.2 ppt. The water from salt water and the estuary had both large
values of salt having very little difference. The fresh water had an extremely
large difference with the other two samples.
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